Ethical And Social Problems Of Genetic Engineering

Introduction Nature of the Problem Genetic Engineering is the process of manipulating the genome of an organism such as bacteria, insulin, brown rice and etc using biotechnology. Genetic Engineering is developed to make cell growth faster, increase production, and protect against diseases. An organism that is produced through Genetic Engineering is called Genetically Modified Organism or GMO. The first GMO was a bacterium produced in 1973 in a lab and in 1982 Insulin became the first GMO commercialized product available to the public. In the 21st century, Genetic Engineering is affecting people across the world since most products such as corn, rice, insulin, and animal are genetically modified to produce in larger quantities in a†¦show more content†¦Genetic Engineering (GE) refers to the direct manipulation of organism DNA to alter an organism s specific characteristic in a way for beneficial use (Nester, 2014). The host ranges from plants, bacteria, animals, and virus. The structu re of the DNA includes four nitrogenous bases, including the Adenine, Thymine, Cysteine, and Thymine (Nester, 2014). The scientist isolates a plasmid from a bacteria or yeast cell, then insert the modified DNA into the plasmid. Then the plasmid is inserted into an organism DNA with the use of a restrictive enzyme to make the specific characteristic express (Nester, 2014). Through the process of cell replication, the gene will naturally multiply in future cell generation. The first genetically modified organism (GMO) was Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium (Nester, 2014). It entered the plants through wounds in the stem or root. Once the bacterium has invaded the plants, some of the free-floating portions of DNA called plasmids, inserted itself into the DNA of the plants (Nester, 2014). Their normal translation and transcription process produces the enzyme that the A. tumefaciens needs to survive (Nester, 2014). Research used the natural mechanism of A. tumefaciens by removing the disease-causing genes and adding the desired gene in the plasmid instead. Then using thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Issues Of Gene Technology867 Words   |  4 Pageswhat gives us the right to use such technology. The problems on society include disagreements among different groups of people based on views and opinions. There can economic problems when dealing with genetically modified foods. Legislation mainly focuses on HIPAA and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimina tion Act (GINA). They protect information and prohibit genetic discrimination in health insurance and employment, respectively (â€Å"Genetic Discrimination†). The flaw in legislation is that itRead MoreWe Should Genetically Engineer our Children1024 Words   |  4 PagesThe next major leap for humanity is genetic engineering, the process in which different genes are removed and substituted for other, more affective, genes. Genetic engineering has the potential to eliminate thousands of diseases, mutations, and disabilities, saving millions of lives from death and/or suffering. I suggest that we use genetic engineering, but only as a prevention to disease or other mutation genes that will make the person suffer physically or emotionally. I most definitely do notRead MoreDna And Ethics Of Recombinant Dna1601 Words   |  7 PagesRecombinant DNA and Ethics Brooke Boland BIO/410 - Genetics October 23, 2017 Miranda Gauthier Recombinant DNA and Ethics Recombinant DNA technology has become a powerful influence to many fields including medicine, pharmaceuticals and agriculture. Genetic modifications of plants, animals and other organisms have allowed scientists to improve the quality of human life. As genetic engineering continues to rapidly grow, many ethical, social and legal issues arise evaluating the risks and benefitsRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effects1592 Words   |  7 Pagesimproving their bodies by changing the cells in your body. Genetic engineering can also prevent long-time diseases from continuing in a family and help treat many illnesses. Though it can help many issues, it brings up many problems if used improperly and often abused. Genetic engineering harbors more moral and ethical issues than having beneficial effects; however, the positive uses in specific situations should be acknowledged. Genetic history has been around for over a century now and began whenRead MoreThe Global Responsibility Of Recognizing Pandora s Box1124 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult risk to take; proceed and solutions to current problems may be found. However, proceed and more problems may be the consequence. Now more than ever, post World Wide Web, post genetically modified organism, as technology grows faster than ever, we are tantalized with the risks and possible benefits of what lies behind, between, beyond. Growingly, skeptics vocalize their fear of opening a Pandora’s Box of new technologies and the ethical and ecological disturbances that might ensue. In globalRead MoreWhat Is Human Genetic Engineering?1193 Words   |  5 PagesHuman genetic engineering is currently a hot topic of discussion in the scientific world. What is human genetic engineering? According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, â€Å"Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. Traditionally, humans have manipulated genomes indirectly by controlling breeding and selecting offspring with desired traits. Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of one or moreRead MoreEssay about Applications of Gene Modification869 Words   |  4 Pagesleave people upset and not ready for change. One of the most prevalent examples of a controversial science is genetic engineering. The modification of genes is becoming a popular application in science, but some people aren’t ready. Genetic engineering will play a big part in the scientific world in the next few years. Most people don’t think this is a good thing, but the use of genetic modification can increase the worlds standard of living by letting scientists dictate how everyday things can beRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1341 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the past three decades, scientists have learned how to mix and match characteristics among unrelated creatures by moving genes from one creature to another. This is called â€Å"genetic engineering.† Genetic Engineering is prematurely applied to food production. There are estimates that food output must increase by 60 percent over the next 25 years to keep up with demand. Thus, the result of scientist genetically altering plants for more consumption. The two most common methodsRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetic Modification1518 Words   |  7 Pageswrite my paper about Genetic engineering also known as genetic modification. In a nutshell genetic engineering is the modification of an organism s genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. This topic has been researched for decades but still has quite some time to be fully mastered in all possible circumstances. When I think of genetic engineering I think of differentRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1662 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering is the process whereby new DNA is added or existing DNA is altered in an organism s genome. This may involve changing one base pair (A-T or C-G) or deleting entire sections of DNA or adding additional copies of a gene. This results in creating new traits that were not previously present in the organism’s genome. This is done to selectively breed desired traits or to create plants with increased resistance to pesticides and increased tolerance to herbicides. For example insulin

Building Brand Value Gillette Free Essays

The first safety razor with disposable blades was invented in 1901 by King C. Gillette. Since then to this date Gillette has been one of the leaders in shaving technology and innovation. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Brand Value: Gillette or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gillette has been the preferred choice for many men and women around the world for over 100 years. In the Mid-1970s the then appointed CEO Colman M. Mockler succeeded Vincent C. Ziegler after being with the company since 1957. Mockler’s strategic plan included the concentration of limited number of potential markets mainly with high volume returns and repeat purchase consumer items. He also invested in companies’ that were compatible with already existing manufacturing or distribution capabilities. Gillette’s advertising budget was increased whilst at the same time cost-cutting measures were done in all other divisions. Basically he took a financial approach rather than a sales approach. The company was seeing success under the leadership of Mockler. Mocker was expected to retire at the end of 1991 but died unexpectedly in January 1991. While Mockler served as CEO for the period 1975 to 1991 the company was the target for three takeover attempts. In 1998 the Mach 3 was introduced. The new safety razor system introduced a third blade into the twin-blade system that dominated the wet-shaving market costing Gillette $35 billion to bring to the market. Gillette faced its worst economic performance in 1998, sales had dropped by 15 percent and 4700 jobs were cut. Some of markets that contributed towards the loss in income were Brazil, Germany and Russia, with the share price dropping by 11 percent. Gillette continued to underperform well into 1999 to 2000 and in October 2000. At that point the company’s managing board fired the then CEO Michael Hawley and announced a world-wide restructuring of Gillette. In 2001 James M. Kilts was recruited by the Gillette Board both as the chairman and CEO to bring his turnaround talent to the company. Kilts, the former Nabisco CEO had a reputation for fixing troubled companies. He was the first outsider recruited to lead Gillette. Some of the issues Kilts had at the top of his list to address upon his arrival at Gillette were 1) Duracell was no longer dominating the market as it had lost market share to other brands for example Energizer and Rayovac which offered similar performance at a lower cost. ) The company IT system was outdated and in some departments did not exist 3) Lacked communication throughout the organization both locally and internationally 4) Lack of discipline 5) Gillette’s earnings were below expectations. 6) Lack of Innovation 7) Stock prices fell to 60 percent between early 1999 and late 2001. Attacking Gillette’s problems from within the organization Kilts demanded greater executive discipline, accountability and focus. Kilts also found that the company had lost its edge with a corporate culture that was outdated and failed to reward innovation. He found that the company did not keep up with the marketplace innovations and promoted staff mainly from within which did not foster any new ideas. Kilts introduced to the company a new more efficient meeting approach that promoted fact-based management, open communication, simplicity, collaboration, measurement, reports, and methods for working together. He wanted excellent performance that included the ability to collaborate across business units. Kilts Strategic Plan * Introduction of computer programs to aid with tracking of sales and inventory. Reduced the number of stock-keeping units, instead greater concentration was placed on the best selling items. * Reduction in overheads. * Increased advertising and conscious spending on RD in key business units. * Increase accountability from managers through one and one meetings to discuss quarterly and annual reviews. * People were hired to lead and innovate, gradually changing people at the top. * Fostered teamwork and increased communication within the entire company globally. * The entire strategic plan was adapted or mapped precisely around the world. Kilts’ guiding principles included: Straight talk about problems and expectations * Courage to admit responsibility * Open dialogue and widespread communications * Clear priorities and attention to detail * Performance feedback At the end of the first quarter in 2004 Gillette reported 43 percent increase in profits which came mainly from the wet razors, Mach 3 and Venus systems. Under the watch of Kilts, the Gillette’s stock had risen by 50 percent. Within four years time Kilts was able to take Gillette from a declining slope to an inclining slope an d made it one of the best-performing consumer products companies in the world. Eventually, on October 1, 2005, Gillette and Procter Gamble merged companies. Procter Gamble bought 100% of Gillette for $57 billion. Gillette continues to operate as the world best-selling razor with a mission and visions statement as follows. Vision: â€Å"The Gillette co. is a globally focused consumer products marketers that seeks competitive advantage in quality, value added personal use product. We are committed to build shareholder value through sustained profitable growth. † Mission: â€Å"To Build total brand value by innovating to deliver consumer value and customer leadership faster, better and more completely than our competitors. † How to cite Building Brand Value: Gillette, Papers

Its a rainy day today! I am sitting at my window and watching the beauty of nature Essay Example For Students

Its a rainy day today! I am sitting at my window and watching the beauty of nature Essay Its a rainy day today! I am sitting at my window and watching the beauty of nature. This is great sight! I love the scenes the nature has created today. Let me share it with you! The falling water droplets make the air cool and environment calm. When it starts raining slowly every one rushes to safe place to save them. Women rush to roof to take their cloth down to save from getting wet. Small children gets excited. You can easily see them jumping and trying to come out to take a feel of rain. Have you watched the scene on roads when it starts raining. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ ha ha its funny scene. Some people try to escape by running/ some try to take shelter under others roof / some take bag or books magazines on their head and try to escape. But this is all when it is weak rain. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but when it is heavy rain one has no way. Even umbrellas are insufficient. The heavy lightning with thunderous soundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. God save us! Prays the poor in his hut. Every one comes out on window and peeps out side scene. If you have a field in front you will hear songs of frog. Have u seen them when they speak/ their vocal sac. This seems like a baloon. The old ponders the rain scene and remembers his child hood and young days. He never forgets to guard his grand children waiting to jump in rain. Still u see the eager ness of children if they could have been permitted to take a bath. What is more that when it rains with heavy wind. U shut your door and window. And still manage to peep out side! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ha ha ha !à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Hands off to God à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.on this beautiful scene creation. How beautiful is the scene of nature! The black thunderous cloud, the fading day light due to its darkness, birds rushing to their nests. And the unique beauty of raining. Well this is not all. When it stops rainingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Its a different pleasure! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Small water droplets droping from wet leaves one after one.. creating different sounds when droping on water/ dry leaves/ wood or metal. Have you heard them! They sound great! Small children making paper boats and sailing them. On low lands water are logged. People cross through water and the unique sound is created by their movement. Some thing like chrrrrr chrrrrr chrrrrrà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ha ha ha its funny. The rainbow is formed. Birds come out. They start twitering again. This all sounds so soothing to mind and soul. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.If I could be an artist and paint them. If I could be a poet and caricatured all that I have seenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. But I am not any of them.. so what! I am the obserber. I feel them and I have shared it with u! I am happy with what I am! Am I right?

Rita free essay sample

Background Information Educating Rita, written by British playwright Willy Russell, was commissioned by the Royal Shakespeare Company, and premiered at The Warehouse, London, in June 1980. The play went on to win the Society of West End Theatres award for Best Comedy in the same year. The play was adapted by Willy Russell into a 1983 award-winning film starring Michael Caine and Julie Walters. Setting The play takes place entirely in Frank’s office at a university in the North of England. The original play took place in the 1980’s but the script was revised in 2003 to be more generically â€Å"contemporary†. The Playwright I wanted to make a play which engaged and was relevant to those who considered themselves uneducated, those whose daily language is not the language of the university or the theatre. I wanted to write a play which would attract, and be as valid for, the Ritas in the audience as well as the Franks. We will write a custom essay sample on Rita or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Willy Russell, born and raised in a suburb of Liverpool, came from a working-class background. Some of his experiences in early adulthood are reflected in his play Educating Rita. Russell left school after completing only one O-level (comprehensive exams taken in the equivalent of grade 10) in English Literature and went on to become a hairdresser. At age 20 he returned to school and became a teacher. Echoes of all of these experiences, his working-class upbringing, leaving school early, hairdressing and later becoming a teacher, can be seen in Educating Rita, a play he wrote to appeal to people from a wide range of backgrounds. In many f Russell’s plays a philosophy is put forward that anyone is capable of change whatever obstacles may be in their path. Literary Elements Characters Frank Frank is a middle aged, middle-class English professor who has taken on the extra job of tutoring an Open-University student. He claims that this is to help pay for the copious amounts of alcohol he drinks throughout the play. It’s not clear if this is merely a joke or not. He i s disillusioned with the university environment, but is so closely identified with academia that he cannot imagine leaving. He claims he is a terrible teacher and is a poet who hasn’t written anything in years. Frank’s central conflict is that he can offer Rita the knowledge and skills she wishes to gain in her quest to change her circumstances and transcend her class origins; however, to do this he believes he will destroy the very characteristics that make Rita such a breath of fresh air. Frank is obviously charmed by Rita because she represents to him the very opposite of his own mundane, predictable and safe life. Frank’s fortunes in the play are closely linked with Rita’s progress – in a way, he deteriorates as she flourishes. He becomes emotionally dependant on her just as she is, initially, intellectually dependant on him; his dependence on her reflects his need to feel useful and influential when his guidance is no longer needed and Rita ventures out on her own, Frank is cut loose and his drinking spirals out of control. We can see that Frank is trapped by his class and circumstances and addiction, in some ways, as much as Rita is limited by her circumstances. In the final scenes of the play, as Frank prepares for his trip away from the university, we can imagine that he is about to embark on his own journey of self discovery and learning and it is Rita’s haircut that symbolically cuts him lose and prepares him for what is to come. Rita (Susan) Rita is a young working class hairdresser in her 20’s. She applies to study with the Open University; the OU was a very popular correspondence-based school in Britain that did not consider previous academic standing for admission. Rita’s real name is Susan, but at the opening of the play she introduces herself to Frank as Rita, a name she associates with a somewhat radical popular American author, Rita Mae Brown. This re-naming, along with some of her early comments to Frank, show us that she is painfully uninformed and passionately hungry for knowledge, and eager to reinvent herself. The knowledge she can get from Frank, she feels, will give her access to a world where she will be able to find greater meaning in her life. Rita says she has enrolled in school because she â€Å"wants to know†. She’s married and wants to â€Å"find herself† before beginning to have children, but her quest for knowledge is also a yearning for transformation and meaning. Rita begins the play as an interesting character because her persona is very deliberate. She hides her insecurity and her ignorance behind a brash facade of bravado. We can’t help liking her for her courage while at the same time we cringe a little at how transparent she sometimes is. Eventually Rita (who goes back to being Susan with everyone but Frank) becomes successful within the world of academia. She separates from her husband, quits her job as a hair-dresser, tries to change her accent and makes friends with some of the students on campus. She feels her transformation is complete – and because she associates Frank with her rough beginnings, she distances herself from him, and largely comes to conform to a somewhat stereotypical version of an academic intellectual. In the end, after Frank nearly drinks himself out of his University job, Rita returns, having found a balance between the brash, naive person she was and the intellectual she wished to become. Rita is often compared to Eliza in Shaw’s Pygmalion, but she possesses much greater agency than Eliza ever did. Rita finds a future with possibilities, whereas Eliza was still very much trapped by class and gender. Plot Structure Act I Act one introduces us to Rita and Frank and the rhythm of their relationship. Every scene takes place in Frank’s study. Most scenes begin with Frank working or drinking in his office, and Rita barging in. It is clear that she is a breath of fresh air in his life which seems predictable and staid. The power dynamic between the two characters in the first act remains steady. Frank possesses the stability and balance that Rita needs to be successful in her aim to get an education. Rita, full of energy and enthusiasm, lacks focus and discipline. She continuously veers off topic, more interested in expounding on her working class environment and quizzing him about his drinking and personal life than in really focusing on the texts he presents her with. Rita resists Frank’s attempts to bring her in line, but not without intelligence and wit. At the same time she manages to instil in him a certain degree of spontaneity and enthusiasm which we guess has been lacking in his life previously. At the end of the act the conflict comes to a head when Rita’s husband tells her to quit studying. She leaves her husband instead, and at this point makes the decision to apply herself fully to the academic world. Act II The opening scenes of this act are short and to the point. It is immediately evident that Rita’s determination is paying off. She is successful in her attempts to turn herself into an academic. Ironically, the more successful she is in this world, the less powerful Frank becomes. He is aware that he is going to become less relevant to her as time goes by, but this process is obviously painful for him. This culminates in scene three, when we find Rita in the office and Frank barges in the door drunk. We learn that Frank has been asked to leave the college. At this point we begin to see that Rita is surviving in the world of academia more successfully than Frank. While he has had an influence on her, she has also had an influence on him – through her eyes he has seen the superfluous of the world he inhabits. This realization seems to be contributing to his drinking as he makes a few disastrous attempts to let some fresh air into his teaching. Throughout this section of the play we see Rita rejecting her own previous life and opinions in favour of a more conventionally academic approach to life. Frank and Rita have reversed roles. Frank is obviously devastated by this and the climactic moments of the play come at the point where Rita rejects Frank because she feels he is holding her to a previous version of herself. In the end, Rita comes to reconcile her newfound knowledge with a clearer sense of the world. Frank has been asked to leave the university, a change which we (perhaps vainly) hope will be good for him. Rita comes to tell him that what he has given her is choice: choice in what to do with her life, choice in how to see the world. Themes â€Å"One way of describing Educating Rita would be to say that it was about the meaning of education†¦ Another would be to say that it was about the meaning of life. A third, that it is a cross between Pygmalion and Lucky Jim. A fourth, that it is simply a marvellous play, painfully funny and passionately serious; a hilarious social documentary; a fairy-tale with a quizzical, half-happy ending. † Sunday Times The majority of themes in the play interconnect with one another. Here is a not entirely exhaustive list of some of the main themes in the play. The Limitations of Class Educating Rita was written in the 1980’s in Britain, at a time when many traditional working class occupations were disappearing. Rita’s opinion is that the working class, from which she comes, has lost some of its place at the heart of British society. She talks about the older people she knows who get a certain â€Å"spark† when they talk about being more involved in the struggle to survive that would have been more prevalent in earlier times in Britain. She says that now that everyone has access to housing and other necessities that people have lost their purpose. Rita implies that when a class, which was defined by its work, no longer has work, that a vacuum is created. She claims that the space which was once filled with work is now filled by consumerism and empty pursuits. When her mother says â€Å"we should be singing better songs than these,† she is implying that they should be finding more meaning in their lives. The play is fairly bleak in its portrayal of working class British culture. Willy Russell’s own working class origins softens this a little. It is possible to view this portrayal as a deeply personal one which is informed by Russell’s own experience and channelled through the deeply subjective voice of Rita. That is to say the opinions expressed in the play are part of Rita’s process and not necessarily presented as universal truths. Frank’s class origins are more obscure, but what is clear is that in the present of the play he is firmly a member of the middle class. His own critique of middle class, academic culture are as damning as Rita’s of her own culture, but for the most part they read as a critique of academia as much as the middle class. It is clear that from Rita’s perspective the trappings of middle class culture are desirable, but with Frank as its representative, the middle class doesn’t come off particularly well either. It is clear that in some ways Frank is as trapped by his class and environment as Rita is, maybe more so. Rita talks about a degree of conformity in the people she grew up with which limits people’s ability to transcend their origins, but this can be applied to all levels of society. In Rita’s case, she is expected not to pursue her education, but to get married and have children. She worries that any rejection of this class-based destiny would be hurtful to those around her. She talks about people being proud of their class, but implies that the pride is based on an outmoded way of looking at the world. Rita mostly laments that she is not being given the opportunity to explore her own identity within the class culture that she lives in. Language Language, particularly swearing, and accents are important but subtle elements in the play. Accent In Britain, accents are often an indication of class as well as region. Rita clearly has a working class accent. At the beginning of the play her language is littered with regionally specific phrases which are far from formal. As the play progresses, her language becomes more formal, and her vocabulary changes when she discusses academic matters. Eventually, in the second act she tries to lose her working class accent entirely – this phenomenon reflects real class issues in Britain, where people actually do try to change their accents to sound â€Å"better†. Frank is shocked by this denial of her true identity. When Rita begins to try to integrate her new-found education with her old way of thinking, we see her slip slowly back into a softened version of her old accent. The blending of the old and the new neatly mirrors the balance she finds at the end of the play. Swearing Rita comes into Frank’s office extolling the virtues of swearing. She claims that it is only narrow minded people who don’t see that words are just words. This is one of her first attempts at an intellectual discussion; however, it is clear that Rita’s language when she first meets Frank is entirely inappropriate. Swearing is associated with emotion rather than intellect in both a positive and negative way. Rita’s attempts to cover up her own discomfort at being in a new threatening environment by swearing is inappropriate, but interestingly, Frank, at a few key moments in the play, swears. One such moment is when he hears that Rita’s husband has asked her to leave. At this point the emotion seems largely appropriate. Materialism Rita believes that once, the working class was proud of its blue-collar, hard-working values; now that there isn’t enough work to go around, those values have been replaced by a materialistic culture which numbs people’s sense and keeps them from questioning what’s happening in their world or trying to get ahead in life. These ideas tie into the thematic significance of Howard’s End, the Forrester novel Frank tries to get Rita to read and which she, ironically, calls rubbish. Rita puts her materialistic pursuits aside while she is attempting to acquire knowledge through her course with Frank. She claims she won’t buy any more dresses until she has finished studying. At a certain point she does however, buy some second-hand clothes and we get the feeling that for a time anyway, she has replaced working class materialism with middle-class materialism. She quits her job as a hairdresser, which she complained was superficial, for a job in a bistro. We suspect, despite the change in the quality of the conversation, that this new job is not so meaningful either, but it has the trappings of intellectualism, which Rita mistakenly takes for the point of her pursuit of knowledge. The height of this mistaken view is seen when she tells Frank that she now knows what clothes to wear and what wine to choose and so she no longer needs him. In the end, Rita sees the mistake she has made. Frank presents Rita with a new dress as a symbol that he feels she has indeed become an educated woman who is unlikely to mistake material things for knowledge. The Value of Education/ Culture and Knowledge In general, education and its links to cultural pursuits, such as ballet and poetry and drama, are seen as positive things in the play. The big question of the play, however, is whether academic learning in some way stifles creativity. We watch Rita yearn for knowledge so that she can find new meaning in her life. To be successful at the university, however, she needs to put her passionate responses and independent thinking behind her, and conform to a staid, predictable formula. This, at times, undermines the real point of her quest, and in fact implies that all levels of society are prey to the same ennui On the other side of the class divide we see Frank, who is trapped in the dry world of academia. It is clear he is bored and unsatisfied, but that he is too stuck in his ways to ever leave. He is a failed poet because, in his own self-assessment, he wrote from an intellectual standpoint, not one of passion. This is symbolic of the curse of academics, who, it is suggested, have the power to suck the joy out of art in their pursuit of knowledge and definition. In some ways Frank is on the opposite trajectory from Rita. To be successful, she needs to harness her originality and energy and learn how to conform. Frank, on the other hand, needs to find a way out of the dry, staid life of academia which he is allowing to stifle him. The question becomes whether Rita will suffer this same fate; however, in the end she has found a balance, where she can take what academia has to offer and still maintain her fresh creative look on life. Frank also is on the edge of a new chance. Rita cuts his hair taking â€Å"ten years† off of him at the end of the play and we hope that in his time away from the university maybe he will find some of his passion and creativity again. Choice In the end, the world of the working class is not given precedence over the world of the university; passion does not triumph over reason; youth does not triumph over age. In the end, what triumphs is the ability to choose your own path. Rita says she may go to France for Christmas or maybe she’ll stay home. She may have a baby or she may not. What Frank has given Rita is the ability to choose what direction her life is going to take. For Frank, just knowing Rita has given him the insight that there are choices in the world. By teaching Rita to make choices, he has reminded himself of his own options. He has, despite his desire for passion and art, allowed himself to settle into a predictable life, and a self-destructive path. In the end, he too has learned that he is responsible for his own destiny. Space The play is confined to the staid space of Frank’s office. The office represents the academic world to which Frank belongs. In the first scene Rita cannot get the door open to let herself in, symbolically representing how, because of her upbringing, access to the university is difficult. Later in the play she cannot get the window open to let in the fresh air, and we symbolically see how stuck in his dusty world of old ideas Frank is. In all the scenes but one Frank is already in the office as if he is permanently ensconced in this world. In most of the scenes Rita enters the room like a whirlwind bringing with her passion and enthusiasm. The two main exceptions to this are telling. At the point at which Rita has rejected Frank as no longer useful to her on her journey, she is already in the office, symbolizing her success within the university setting. In contrast to all the other scenes, Frank is the one who cannot get through the door and when he does, he is drunk and belligerent showing his slipping grasp on things. In the final scene we see Frank slowly packing up his books which both symbolize his learning, but also have acted as a screen behind which he hides his drinking. We cannot but hope that when he leaves this room he will be given a chance to find the same kind of passion and enthusiasm outside of it, that Rita has brought to it. Questions 1. What differences are there between Frank and Rita in terms of class? . Why does Rita say she wants to go to university? 3. What does Rita mostly want to talk about for the first half of the play? What does this indicate about her commitment and understanding of what a university education is? 4. Does Frank want to help Rita get the education she wants? Why or why not? 5. What do you think it means when Rita says her mother tells her â€Å"we should be singing better songs than th ese†? 6. What change occurs at the end of the first act of the play? 7. Is Frank pleased about how successful Rita is, throughout Act Two, in her academic endeavours? Why or why not? 8. Why does Rita attempt to change her accent? What does this symbolize about what she is trying to do with her life? 9. Why does Frank say to Rita â€Å"You haven’t learnt better songs, just different ones. †? 10. How is Frank changed by his interactions with Rita? How is she changed by him? 11. What do you think the haircut at the end of the play symbolizes? Activities Watch My Fair Lady. Compare such things as depictions of class, language, gender. Read Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw. Ask students to compare Shaw’s message with the message of Educating Rita. Read Earl Shorris’ â€Å"On the uses of a liberal education: As a weapon in the hands of the restless poor† from Harper’s (Sept. 1997) pgs 50-60 (available on the internet). Compare Shorris’ conclusions about the value of a liberal education with Rita’s evaluation of the importance of education. Ask students to write a brief essay about a teacher who has had an impact on them. Compare their experiences with the experiences of Rita in the play. Compare Educating Rita to one of the following movies about teachers and education. Most movies about this kind of relationship are about a teacher who enters the world of the students and inspires them (upper class kids in Dead Poet’s; working class kids in the other examples. It might be interesting to look at how in Educating Rita, Rita comes to the teacher and liberates him as much as he liberates her. Dead Poet’s Society To Sir, With Love Stand and Deliver Dangerous Minds (There are many other examples of this sort of film about an inspirational teacher who opens doors of opportunity and understanding for his or her students, which would be entirely suitable for this kind of comparison. Ask students to do some research on the links between class and education as a way towards discussing some of the things Rita says about her working class background. Study class conflict in the 1970’s -1980’s in Britain to get a deeper understanding of some of the issues Rita hints at when she discusses the world she grew up in. Discuss whether study ing art too closely takes the joy out of it, or whether we sometimes have to study art to truly appreciate it. Using the attached model (appendix 1) as an example, ask students to create an idea map.

FMC Green River Essay Essays

FMC Green River Essay Essays FMC Green River Essay Essay FMC Green River Essay Essay FMC Green River. one of the workss of FMC Corporation soon experiences quandary sing the efficiency and effectivity of the full works with regard to other workss of FMC Corporation specifically FMC Aberdeen. Despite of the many twelvemonth of FMC Green River in operation. it has been overtaken by a much younger company-FMC Aberdeen in footings of profitableness and operating cost decrease rate. FMC Green River and FMC Aberdeen have different direction orientations and works operations. But despite of these differences. FMC Green River still faces the job of holding inefficient works operations relative to FMC Aberdeen. In this respect. Ken Daily. FMC Green River director. decided to analyze the possibility of utilizing some of the direction principles that FMC Aberdeen has been utilizing for the past old ages of its operations. Organizational and Behavioral Analysis After a critical analysis of the instance. Bob Lancaster and his â€Å"unorthodox† manner of pull offing people would be the primary ground why FMC Aberdeen has been sing high productiveness and efficiency since its constitution. : The extended enlisting procedure of FMC Aberdeen secured the said works with dedicated yet skilled workers and has passion over taking enterprises in doing the full works more productive. On the other manus. FMC Green River has a really opposite orientation than of FMC Aberdeen. There is no sense of group attempt and teamwork on the floors of FMC Green River plus holding more workers on a occupation country even if a few Numberss of workers can complete the same occupation at the same quality degree. Furthermore. rewards of FMC Green River is comparatively higher comparative to other FMC Corporation’s workss all over the United States. Uniting this fact with the information that occupation countries in FMC Green River can be performed by less figure of people seems to be the ground behind they are executing inefficiently. They said works pays workers that are truly non lending to the full company. Worker-management and worker-worker relationship is besides of low degree since working Stationss of every worker are located far from one another thereby doing a less interaction between every employee. Ken Daily. though he encourages interaction between the direction and the employees. still. given the fact that the working Stationss of every worker are located far from one another would merely do his direction manner of being synergistic and unfastened fail. It has been identified that the construction of the workss of FMC Green River is already old and must be renovated and structured in such a manner that every workers can interact with each in order for the direction manner of Daily and FMC Aberdeen to work in FMC Green River. The slack enlisting procedure of FMC Green River besides contributed for the low productiveness of their production floors since non all of the workers of FMC Green River are skilled plenty to presume duties in the said works. Alternatives One of the possible options that Daily must implement would be to restitute the construction of FMC Green River’s workss in such a manner that the workers will hold adequate opportunities of interacting with one another thereby making an avenue towards the development of sense of teamwork and group attempt to achieve higher quality end product for the company ( Binkley. 2007 ) . Another possible option that FMC Green River could implement would be to reexamine the public presentations of every employee and supply countenances to those that have negative public presentations. Even though these employees are being protected by the labour brotherhood. still. with the footing of non conforming to the criterions of FMC Green River. the direction can compensate away fire those employees with low public presentation and productiveness. On the other manus. FMC Green River direction must supply inducements to those employees that able to excel the outlooks of the direction. This will actuate every employees of the said works to execute fruitfully. FMC Green River must supply a new set of agendas for the full work force of the works in such a manner that there will be no worker that will be laid away and merely the optimum figure of workers will merely describe on a specific twenty-four hours depending on the urgency of the production line. Daily must make out to his workers and employees to forming company excursions. field daies per section in order to set up a good working relation with the workers and at the same clip gaining their trust ( Weber. 2007 ) . A director that approaches an ordinary worker will be appreciated by the latter and will hike the morale of every employees of the works. The last but non the least alternate would be the proviso of preparations and seminars for FMC Green River’s workers that would heighten non merely their accomplishments but besides their mentality on executing their duties in the company. With this. Ken Daily will be able to increase the productiveness every bit good as the flexibleness of his workers in executing their duties to the company. Recommendation Among the above identified options above. the most effectual option would be the restructuring of FMC Green River’s workss in such a manner that every workers will hold a opportunity to interact with each other making adequate room for the development of teamwork and cooperation on every workers of FMC Green River. This will increase the productiveness of the workers and at the same clip the productiveness of the workss. If this will go successful. it would be now easy for Daily to near his workers and do bond every bit good as to gain their trust and this solution will besides hike the morale of every workers of FMC Green River ( Levit. 2002 ) . Execution and Contingency Plan The redevelopment of assorted workss will take one at a clip in order non to impact the operation of the full company. After this. Daily is expected to establish some activities. as a â€Å"mood starter† . of the interactions of every worker on their new working Stationss after the redevelopment procedure. A few months after this. Daily can now establish activities that would heighten the interaction of employees from assorted sections and so from assorted works to widen the scope of interaction in FMC Green River. If this solution will non work. so the restructuring of workers schedule in such a manner that all of the workers will still stay in the company yet the optimum figure of workers are the 1s that will describe on a given twenty-four hours in order to minimise their operational cost and increase the productiveness of the full company.

Biography of Paulo Coelho, Brazilian Writer

Biography of Paulo Coelho, Brazilian Writer Paulo Coehlo (born August 24, 1947) is a Brazilian writer and lyricist from Rio de Janeiro. He achieved fame with his second novel, The Alchemist, which has sold at least 65 million copies and holds the Guinness World Record for being the most translated book in the world by a living author. Fast Facts: Paulo Coelho Known For:  Brazilian writer/novelistBorn:  August 24, 1947 in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilParents:  Lygia Araripe Coelho de Souza, Pedro Queima Coelho de SouzaSpouse:  Christina OiticicaPublished Works: The Pilgrimage, The Alchemist, Brida, The Valkyries, By the River Piedra I Sat Down and Wept, The Fifth Mountain, Veronika Decides to Die, The Devil and Miss Prym, The Witch of Portobello, Aleph, Adultery, HippieAwards and Honors: United Kingdom’s 2004 Nielsen Gold Book Award, France’s Grand Prix Litteraire Elle in 1995, Germany’s 2002 Corine International Award for fictionNotable Quote: â€Å"And, when you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.† (The Alchemist) Early Life and Education Coelho was born in Rio de Janeiro to devout Catholic parents, Lygia Araripe Coelho de Souza and Pedro Queima Coelho de Souza, and attended Jesuit schools during his childhood. He had dreams of being a writer early in his life, but his parents were opposed as they felt it was a dead-end career. They went so far as to commit him to a mental asylum three times, beginning when he was 17; he was subject to electro-shock therapy there. He eventually began law school at the request of his parents, but dropped out in the 1970s, joining Brazils hippie subculture and traveling abroad. Early Career Under the Dictatorship In 1972, Coelho began to write lyrics for Brazilian rock singer Raul Seixas, one of many musicians protesting the military dictatorship that was in place between 1964 and 1985. The military overthrew a left-leaning president in 1964 and began a campaign of repression, utilizing censorship, kidnapping, and torture and targeting left-wing activists, artists, and intellectuals. Coelho was imprisoned various times during the dictatorship and subjected to torture, an experience he wrote about in a 2019 op-ed for the Washington Post. In that piece he drew connections between the military dictatorship and the current authoritarian-leaning presidency of Jair Bolsonaro, who has professed admiration and nostalgia for the dictatorship. Coelhos Pilgrimage and The Alchemist After traveling to Europe in 1982 and meeting a spiritual mentor, Coelho embarked on the famous Road to Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage in Spain in 1986. This event changed his life, led him to return to Catholicism, and inspired his first novel, The Pilgrimage. From then on, he devoted himself to writing. He later stated regarding the impact of his pilgrimage, When I reached Compostela,  at the end of the Road to Santiago, I thought, what am I going to do with my life? That’s when I made the decision to burn all my bridges and become a writer.† Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho poses next to a plate with his name during his visit to Santiago de Compostela, northwestern Spain, on June 23, 2008.   Miguel Riopa / Getty Images It was Coelhos second novel, The Alchemist, that converted him into a household name. The book chronicles the journey of a young Andalusian shepherd, Santiago, who embarks on a search for an Egyptian treasure that has appeared in his dreams; he ultimately finds the treasure back in his homeland. The novel is filled with inspirational messages about destiny that have been widely quoted. Published in Coelhos native Portuguese in 1988, it was not until it was translated to French in the early 1990s that the novel caught the attention of the world. New translations followed and The Alchemist holds the Guinness World Record for the most translated book in the world by any living author. It has sold anywhere between 65 and 80 million copies. Actor Laurence Fishburne has spent close to two decades trying to develop the novel into a feature film, and it appears the project may be coming to fruition soon. Author Paulo Coelho poses for a photograph at the London Book Fair as he is presented with the Guiness World Record for the most translations of a single title signed by the author in one sitting on April 16, 2007 in London, England.   Chris Jackson / Getty Images Since The Alchemist, Coelho has published a book roughly every two years. He has published both fiction and non-fiction/memoir, and is known for drawing on themes of spirituality and self-discovery. His novels often combine personal narratives with larger, philosophical questions. He also blogs extensively at http://paulocoelhoblog.com/ and is an active Twitter user who often posts inspirational quotes for his followers. Reception of Coelhos Work Despite his massive popularity with readers, Coelho has not always been lauded by literary critics, particularly in his home country of Brazil. Some critics believe he writes in a non-literary and unadorned style, at least in his native tongue of Portuguese. His books have also been critiqued as being more self-help than literature, as offering snake-oil mysticism, and for being full of vapid, inspirational messages such as what you might find on a Hallmark card. Coelho became a target of literary critics particularly in 2012, when he disparaged the work of James Joyce, widely considered to be one of the best writers of the 20th century. Sources Paulo Coelho. Britannica.com. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paulo-Coelho, accessed August 8, 2019.Goodyear, Dana. The Magus: The Astonishing Appeal of Paulo Coelho. The New Yorker, April 30, 2007. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/05/07/the-magus, accessed August 8, 2019.Morais, Fernando. Paulo Coelho: A Warriors Life: The Authorized Biography. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2009.

Example of science being used in your World Assignment

Example of science being used in your World - Assignment Example Surprisingly, he was suspected to have involved himself in doping, a scientific contraption meant to enhance performance. It is from this situation that science can be used to lessen the quantity of athletes practicing this illegal act in sporting. There are procedures to be followed by all sports officials before the commencement of any competition. The idea is to perform a quick drug testing test ethic, which will detect any strange substance hiding in the blood. The science of doping detection is advancing, and this technology can be used to catch athletes involved in such immoralities to emerge victorious, for example, Floyd. Another proficiency that can be used is introducing a benchmark to stop those athletes whose drugs are already settled in the body. This will detect the amount of occurring chemicals that should be in the blood. Repeating testing for doping makes the drugs resistance to the chemical, hence the substance should be upgraded after sometime (Bell). Therefore, modern science can be used to assess the amount of chemical level in the blood and can help lessen instances of unprofessio nalism in sporting

Anne Frank' diary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anne Frank' diary - Essay Example As Anne was just 13 years old when her family was forced into hiding with seven other people - some family members and others were family friends – spending two years in utter silence entailed unique disposition to reveal her writing prowess through the diaries. In this regard, the essay hereby aims to provide a description of Anne’s hiding place in terms providing an exposition of diverse rooms and using the five senses to highlight details, as required. Anne’s room, considered her haven and recluse, could be described as long and narrow with unframed pictures posted on one wall, right above a small table that rests her diary and which she uses to as a means to express her feelings, emotions and sentiments on the family’s trying situation. As indicated, after four months of hiding in the Annex, Anne had to share the tight and stuffy room with Fritz Pfeffer, a man Anne eventually described as irritatingly arrogant and selfish. A simple, detachable silver l amp was strategically clasped by the right side of the table to provide illumination at night. Two single beds were tried to fit into the cramped room to provide rest and sleep to the occupants. Another crucial and relevant room within the secret annex was the family room, the room occupied by the Van Pels family. As disclosed, before the room became part of the hiding place, it was actually a laboratory with a sink and stove. Therefore, it was used as a kitchen, dining space and communal living room. The most vivid memories of Anne was her lowest remembrance of the worst food being served from the kitchen entered on the 14th of March, 1944 as she quipped: â€Å"food is so scarce that the Secret Annex members are now resorting to eating rotten food, in this case, kale that has been in the barrel for a year† (Frank: March 14, 1944 1). She was noted to have to put a handkerchief over her nose to prevent her from smelling the rotten and stinking aroma of spoiled eggs and brine t hat were cooked. When war prevailed and led the family to lose opportunities and resources to avail of varied food choices, Anne remarked that they had to content with the same meal over and over again for weeks and months. The taste of potatoes, spinach, lettuce and beans could easily be anticipated even prior to serving. The attic and a loft was vividly illustrated as food storage and an opportunity for Anne to view the chestnut tree and to write. Apparently, due to it being used as storage for food, the members in hiding heard noises from the attic. Initially, they thought that a burglar could have inched his way through; only to find out that rats were the culprit. The attic was described by Anne as a source of illumination and strength from giving her the view to the sky, the moon, the chestnut tree, even in its barest offers. Accordingly, in her diary entry on February 23, 1944, she marveled at the beautiful weather, which was enough to make her happy and elated. Finally, the facade or the entry to the main building was described by Anne intricately through identifying the large warehouse at the ground floor. She succeedingly narrated the location of the main office; passages and alcoves leading to other offices, the prime office which she detailed as first class and elegant with mahogany furniture, radio and fancy lamp. Other floors were also described, specifically one that led to the secret opening: a bookcase that covers the hidden door leading to the secret annex. The main building effectively covered the secret annex and it was not until after more than two years in hiding that Anne and her family and friends were discovered and

Philosophy and Socrates Essay Example for Free

Philosophy and Socrates Essay SOCRATES THE PHILOSOPHER Socrates is a noteworthy and important historical figure as a philosopher, because of his and his pupils influence on the development of the philosophical world. His teachings, famous arguments, and ideas began the outgrowth of all later western philosophies. Born in 469 BC just outside of Athens, Socrates was brought up properly, and thoroughly educated. He was raised as most Athenians; developing both physical and mental strengths. Socrates then went on to learn from Archelaus the philosopher. Here he studied astronomy, mathematics, and was introduced to philosophy, which was a new concept at the time. Archelaus taught of explanations for the world with a scientific approach. Socrates, however, turned away from this idea and created his own. He decided that instead of trying to understand the universe, a person should try to understand himself. To express his philosophy, Socrates spent his days in the marketplace of Athens, telling people of his ideas. His voice was heard, and he was soon declared to be the wisest of all men. Socrates was skilled in the art of arguing. He developed a method by which he would win every debate. His favorite hobby was going to the marketplace and debating philosophical issues with other men in front of an audience. The result of these debates was that Socrates embarrassed the wise men in front of the crowd. This caused many to dislike him. After being named the wisest man, Socrates attempted to prove that this was not true. He debated with many men in the streets. These debates are some of his most famous argument methods. He started the discussion by stating that he knew nothing. As a result of the debate, he was able to prove that although his opponents claimed that they were wise, they knew nothing either. Socrates concluded that he really was the wisest man because unlike the others, he knew that he knew nothing. Socrates had many ideas and philosophies concerning issues other than the knowledge of oneself. These included explanations of the universe, the belief in god, and lifes goals. Other, earlier philosophers, had many different interpretation for the makeup of the world. Some believed that it was made out of numbers, others thought that it was made of a single substance, or many different substances, while still conflicting philosophers theorized that everything was formed out of atoms, and even illusions. Socrates had his own, different ideas. He believed that the world was made of forms that are not within the reach of our senses, but only of our thoughts. This means, for example, that when we think of characteristics such as roundness, we only picture ideas of it like a ball or a wheel. Therefore, he assumed that we only understand specific things that participate in our lives. In his search for the inner truth of oneself, Socrates theorized the explanation to the question of what the goals of life are. He concluded that everyone tries to find the meaning of happiness and goodness in their existence. This is the purpose of life. However, true happiness comes in many forms and is disguised in a way that people spend their lives looking for goodness, but finding only the evil in which it is concealed. The only way to discover true happiness, goodness, and the right way, is to fully understand oneself. Socrates did not believe in the Greek gods or religion. He had his personal view of god. Socrates felt that there must be some form of divine power because everyone seemed to believe in some kind of god and religion. He also believed in a sort of immortality. He hypothesized that there was an afterlife. His explanation for it was that people who had achieved goodness in their lives knew where they were going afterwards, and that evil people tried to ignore the fact that immortality existed. He preached that the soul was a persons true being, and that our goodness in life reflected on the goodness of our souls. According to Socrates, each individual should try to make his soul as moral as possible so that it can be like god, which will allow the achievement of an afterlife. Debating in the marketplace of Athens was not Socrates only daily activity. He also taught his philosophies to a group of students in a small classroom. These students were much like disciples. They respected and followed in the philosophies of their teacher. Socrates most famous pupil, Plato, went on to become a great philosopher like his mentor. Socrates lived through and fought in the Peloponnesian War. After Athens defeat, the democracy was replaced by a tyranny. This did not bother Socrates much because his belief in government was a rather simple and apathetic one. He thought that no matter what kind of government subsists; it should be followed solely because a form of law and order must exist in a society to control it. One of the tyrannys leaders was a former pupil of Socrates and hated his teacher. He tried to make life harder for Socrates by banning the t eaching of philosophy in the streets. Socrates ignored him. In response to this, the tyrant tried to kill Socrates; but the tyranny was overthrown right on time to prevent this. A new democratic government came into power, the leader of which, Anytus, also hated Socrates because his son, who was the philosophers pupil, turned away from the familys business to become a philosopher. Anytus had Socrates arrested on charges of corrupting Athens young and turning them away from Paganism, the Greek religion involving a belief in many gods. Anytus announced the death penalty as a punishment for this crime. It was obviously an outrageous sentence for a crime that was not even committed. Socrates was brought before a jury and instead of using his debating skills to defend himself, he did nothing in his own defense because he was convinced that the entire trial was a joke. The jury voted on the death penalty. Now Socrates had a chance to appeal to the court. He was entitled to suggest forms of punishment other than death to satisfy his crime. Instead of proposing a reasonable penalty, Socrates suggested ridiculous ones which angered the jury; causing them to vote on the death penalty once again. Socrates did not seem to mind at all. He was sent to prison and lived their surrounded by his friends and disciples for his last few days. His life ended by drinking hemlock as his friends cried at his bedside. Only after this scandalous death, did all of Greece realize what they had done; that they had killed one of the greatest philosophers of all time. Socrates life achievements were vast. He introduced new ideas and theories into the philosophical world. His pupil, Plato, went on to influence all of the western worlds philosophical development. Socrates began the evolution of philosophy throughout the world. He took the first step toward advancing modern philosophy, as we know it. His theories and ideas were a whole new concept that helped progress the western philosophy through all of later history. In conclusion, Socrates historical importance is great, due to his extreme influence on the evolution of the worlds ideas of philosophy. Even though Socrates never made written records of his work, his finest and most successful pupil, Plato, recorded much of his teachers accomplishments and deeds. From these history has learned so much as to be able to advance and heighten its entire philosophical viewpoints; and until this day, learn from the ancient philosopher, Socrates. INTERVEIW WITH A PHILOSOPHER: Mark ? Socrates, you were raised and educated in many different fields, why did you decide to spend your life as a philosopher? Socrates ? It is true that I have been educated in the arts, literature, and gymnastics as a youth; but in my continuing education as you may already know, I was taught by Anaxagoras, the famous early philosopher. His theories were not ones with which I would agree; such as those stating that all things were made of tiny substances which contained a little of everything, that the sun was a hot rock, and that the moon was made of earth. For these teachings, he was banished from Athens. Nevertheless, he was a good teacher and allowed me to realize that my philosophies were going to be antiscientific and quite different from his. My following philosophical teacher was Archelaus, with whom I studied mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. I knew that my opinions and theories were strong, I had performing and arguing skills, and my ideas would consist of principles rather than sciences. The simple lifestyle of the philosopher appeals to me. I enjoyed the unusual behaviors that I associated myself with. All that really interested me was the great mysteries of philosophy, and the questions of knowing oneself, which I devoted my life to learning and teaching. Mark ? Your teaching was remarkable and much can be learned from studying it even after your death; why is that you never bothered to record your works for later generations? Socrates ? Many have asked this before and for quite obvious reasons. Most other noteworthy historical figures did keep a record of their works ever since the invention of written language, yet not one of mine exists in writing. I do not exactly know the reason for this. Whether there are records of my work or not, does not matter. I will forever be remembered by my loyal pupils, the Athenian population, and the world. Furthermore, nothing I ever said was of too great importance. And to tell you the truth, I never really wanted to take the time to keep useless records. That nonsense did not concern me nearly as much as most of my other problems as a philosopher. I had to make money somehow, to support my wife and three sons. As you might have guessed, being a philosopher does not exactly bring you riches. One of the reasons I began teaching was to make money. Also, I had to deal with many peoples constant hatred of me, mainly due to my victories in debates against them. Some, with high political positions, even wanted me dead at points of my life. And one even succeeded. So, you see, no matter how simple and easy going my life may seem, there are quite a few difficulties attached to it. Mark ? Your trial and death are quite interesting and famous historical events. They have been interpreted by many and confused some; what caused you to make such drastic and unusual decisions, the consequence of which you knew forehand? Socrates ? This I am aware of. As a matter of fact, some even claim that I was mentally ill, and blame that as the cause for my actions. This of course I deny. The truth includes a mixture between my philosophical beliefs and the thoughts that have occurred to me during my last days. I always believed that there is an after-life. And that must have somehow influenced my decisions. Even though the religious part of this came to me only afterwards. At first many others and I thought that this ridiculous trial was an obvious hoax. Who would have thought that such a crime, which I was evidently not guilty of, be punished by the death penalty. I fooled with the court. They on the other hand were quite serious about it. In the last days, I realized that there was no way out. True I could have argued with the court and won. I could have escaped using the plan devised by my dear friends. But since there was a high-ranking leader who wanted me dead, it was going to happen no matter what. Furthermore, my governmental beliefs stand true in all situations; the law should be followed and that is all. There was not much I was willing to do. After some thinking, I decided to go along with the law, after all, I had lived a happy life. One that I was proud of living, no matter how unusual it may appear to others. I was an old man of seventy. I found and understood myself, and had achieved happiness and goodness. There was nothing more that I desired. I knew what was waiting for me after death and was ready for it. Word Count: 2066.

Field Study At Alcoholics Anonymous Essay -- Research Alcoholism Drink

Field Study At Alcoholics Anonymous On Wednesday March 15 and 22 I attended meetings of the Serentiy Group, a local meeting group of Alcoholics Anonymous that were held at the Congregational Church in East Bridgewater. The meetings started around 8:00 pm and went until each member was given the opportunity to speak, or to share their feelings in some way. There was a total of 15 people present, including myself and my companion. The group was primarily made up of males, there was one female aside from my companion and I. The age of the group members was pretty much middle age (late 30s to 50s).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before attending the meeting I was very apprehensive about going, for many reasons. The main one was that I did not know what to expect. I was unsure of who was going to be there, if I would know anyone, or if anyone would know me. I felt as though I was going to be invading the privacy of those in attendance. Upon arrival at I felt very extremely uncomfortable for two reasons, the obvious age difference, and the male to female ratio. The uneasiness passed quickly as the members of the group welcomed us in, and made us feel as if we were a part of the group. I think that part of my initial nervousness was due to the fact that I did not know what to expect, I was unsure as to what a drunk would look like. Once I arrived I realized that they do not look any different than anyone else. My initial impression was that the meeting would be very depressing, a ...

Alfred Doolittle’s Lower Class Representation In Pygmalion Essay

Alfred Doolittle’s Lower Class Representation in Pygmalion Realist author George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion challenges England’s upper class to realize the pointlessness of their flamboyant lifestyle and pokes fun at this society. Shaw writes to expose the differences in the lifestyles of the social classes and how different characters react to their status. Shaw uses Alfred Doolittle and his social status to depict a character that freely accepts his status and his reaction to eventually moving up social classes. Because of his dislike of â€Å"middle class morality†, appreciation of and the freedom that accompanies his lower social status, and his eventual climb into the upper class, Doolittle presents a desire to remain in â€Å"undeserving poverty.† Doolittle, throughout the play, demonstrates a dislike for â€Å"middle class morality.† Before he becomes rich, Doolittle defines middle class morality as â€Å"an excuse of never giving me an ything.† Doolittle represents a dislike for middle class morality and wishes for â€Å"cheerfulness and a song† like those in the upper classes. Doolittle believes â€Å"middle class morality claims its victims.† Eventually Doolittle becomes a â€Å"victim† when he is given money to lecture. Doolittle becomes apart of the upper class but dislikes being viewed as a member of this society. Doolittle says that he believes lower class men look at him and envy him. Doolittle says he, in fact, will look down to the lower class â€Å"helpless and envy them.† Doolittle does not like the upper classes and â€Å"middle class morality.† Throughout the play, Doolittle presents characteristics that suggest he accepts his current lower class social status and enjoys the freedom associated with his status. When asked by Colonial Pickering if he has no morals, Doolittle Stokes 2 establishes his status and distance from upper class characteristics by replying, â€Å"I can’t afford them, Governor.† Doolittle comments to Henry Higgins that â€Å"undeserving poverty is my line.† Doolittle represents an individual who lives in poverty and accepts his current placement in society. He continues by saying, â€Å"I’m undeserving; and I mean to go on being undeserving.† Doolittle does not want to be apart of the upper class society because so much is expected of them. Doolittle is extremely happy being in his current social status. He says, â€Å"They (â€Å"millionaires†) don’t know what happiness is.† Doolittle believes the upper class is unhappy because they are living an imaginary life. Doolittle does not wish to be apart of the upper class because he would be expected to speak and act properly in order  to retain his status within the class. Doolittle, an â€Å"undeserving† member of the lower class, is comfortable and happy in his lower class social situation. Doolittle suddenly encounters money and is thrust into upper class society. Doolittle receives a share in a trust and is required to lecture for â€Å"three thousand a year.† Doolittle freely accepts the financial gain but soon realizes the social obligations that accompany it. Doolittle says, â€Å"I have to live for others and not myself.† Individuals who seek to take advantage of his newfound wealth surround him. Doolittle believes that â€Å"everybody touches me for money.† Doolittle sights one example of how individuals with money are treated better than those without money. Before he had money doctors would â€Å"shove† him out of the hospitals. Once the doctors realize Doolittle has money they â€Å"can’t live unless they looks after me twice a day.† Doolittle, who retains the personality of a Stokes 3 member of the lower class, is upset because people are using him for money. Doolittle feels his is now â€Å"expected to provide for everyone.† Doolittle says he â€Å"was happy before† he got the money. Doolittle, who is propelled into the upper class, recognizes people are using him. He wishes and strives to remain the same person he was before he encountered money. Doolittle’s dislike of â€Å"middle class morality†, appreciation of and the freedom that accompanies his lower social status, and his eventual climb into the upper class presents his desire to remain in â€Å"undeserving poverty.† Doolittle, a character who emerges financially from poverty to being rich, strives to maintain his lower class status and the way of life they accompanied this status. Shaw, by using Doolittle, successfully presents a character that is happy with and comes to appreciate his status in the lower class society and wishes to remain in that social class.

Leaders: born or made

There has always been a difference opinion on whether leaders are made or born. At numerous times people have been heard to exclaim about someone that he or she is a person that is born to lead. People have tendency to believe that good and effective leaders are people who are naturally bestowed with excellent communication skills, persuasive ability, and born with knack to integrate them in any team structure. Further, there are also firm opinions that it is not possible for every one to naturally acquire the skills of seamlessly inspiring a group of people, set sufficient challenges, and make every one of the group to accept those challenges and strive together to achieve them.However, years of academic research among leaders from social, business and corporate world and political domain have brought out results that stand contrary to popular perception of leaders and their ‘innate qualities and abilities’ of leading people and show that effective leadership is an art that can be very much learned and practiced to perfection by anyone who devotes sufficient time and attention to it.   This paper takes the point of view that leadership is a quality that can be learned by anyone with ordinary levels of intelligence and smartness and looks into the range of skills, requirements and capabilities needed by a person to develop leadership qualities.Leadership: DefinitionLeadership is the attribute of inspiring people to channel their efforts towards achieving common goals and objectives (Rosenbach and Taylor, 1998, 1). Leadership is the recognition that attainment of the group objectives and goals can be accomplished through empowering individuals and encouraging them to overcome their rank and position in order to associate themselves and their colleagues with specific works, duties and responsibilities by setting directions, building commitment and taking challenges (Day and Halpin, 2004, 3). An important attribute of a leader is his ability to comm and implicit faith, confidence, and respect of his followers, irrespective of his position and power in the organization.. A leader motivates the employees by setting personal examples, and takes decisions that are quite unconventional, innovative and on the spot to resolve a deadlock. However, the most important quality of a leader is that he/she encourages leadership qualities their followers and help to create a multi-tier leader structure within the organization/group.Organizational leadership: Roles and necessitiesAs the corporate world becomes increasingly competitive and diversified, organizational focus has shifted on developing leadership talents among the employees to maintain their competitive edge.   Transnational companies, with their multi-level reporting structure, multiple communication networks, numerous levels of responsibilities and faced with significant differences in time, language and organizational culture are faced with the responsibility of leadership dev elopment among their employees to meet customers’ demands within the limited time and resources (Collins, 2001).  Organizations are managed by several forms of leadership based on the exertion of authority within the organization. Two main, but interconnected types of leadership in organizations are the transformational leadership and the transactional leadership, both having strong philosophical and ethical foundations. Transformational leadership gives followers the opportunity to assess the leader’s view, to seek explanations and provide solutions, while transactional leadership is more based on imposition, where followers are driven by the praise, promise or reward of the leader. In the transactional leadership, the followers are confronted by reproof, threats and disciplinary actions.Transformational leadership has become more popular in the last three decades primarily due to the changing global economy. Transformational leadership promotes equality, justice an d human rights through loyalty and fairness. Recent findings suggest that team performance and communication are improved under transformational leadership. Authentic transformational leaders are sometimes transactional too. The leader may present his opinion, plans and exhort agreement on them, which however may be in the mutual interest of all involved. I consider myself as a typical transformational leader open to criticism and discussion, unafraid of my decisions being questioned. After all only collective thinking and cooperation can bring results.Today the business world realizes that leadership is neither hierarchal nor stratified nor leadership is management. Instead leadership is about inspiring people to pool themselves together towards achieving common goals and objectives (Rosenbach and Taylor, 1998, 1. Leadership is about building commitment and taking challenges by timely distribution of specific works, duties and responsibilities and through setting directions (Day an d Halpin, 2004, 3). Its not surprising then that companies are ready to invest hugely in leadership development program, as a guaranteed way to emerge ahead than their competitors.Developing Leadership QualitiesThere are abundant examples from almost every quarter of business and public domains to show that with well help   designed training programs and experience even otherwise ordinary individuals can emerge as successful leaders in their own spheres. Leadership development process works on two levels. It is suggested coaching and mentoring involves practical and goal focused methods of individual and group learning and behavioral change. For obtaining most effective results and developing specific leadership skills coaching allows individuals to collaborate in methodologically assessing, understanding and solving the issue before them. It leads them to challenge the existing solution models and explore further possibilities through joint effort and accountability. Mentoring is an essential part of educational program, involves commitment and long term relationship between a senior employee and a junior employee where the latter helps in professional and personal development of the former.The second level of leadership development is action learning that requires participants to tackle   real life and real time organizational problems (ibid). Through a careful selection of objectives and problems, participants are trained on delivering organizational results, communication learning and management and develop general leadership qualities. It benefits participants greatly as it provides them crucial exposure and considerable experience within a short time. Along with these, modern organizations have also adopted the technique of job rotation, so that individuals have widest possible exposure and experience of company’s functional and organizational processes.It is vital to remember that the focus should not be on teaching leadership, instead gettin g participants to learn leadership. Every person has a potential to emerge in a leader by gaining   knowledge, purpose and experience and apply themselves more   effectively in their personal and professional domains Leadership is not a characteristic that can unfold in isolation. By its definition, it implies establishing coordination, cooperation, collaboration and orientation among the followers to achieve the designated objectives and goals. However, it is only possible when leaders can inspire their followers with respect, admiration, discipline, sense of emulation and confidence in the abilities of the leader while being helped to envision themselves as empowered individuals (Brown and Lord, 2004, 2).  Most relevant qualities of a leaderWithin every social, institutional or organizational structure, a leader is always looked upon the person with abilities to broach reconciliation and resolution in situation of conflict. A good leader exercises his control over most compl ex, demanding and otherwise impossible condition by exhibiting personal integrity, ethical and moral traits and values that other can relate to and get inspired to include them in their personal conduct (Laurie, 2000, 53). Another very crucial characteristics of leadership is that it produces new leaders from among the followers and hence, through a multiplier effect, results in empowerment of individuals and communities.Leadership helps the followers to discover and grow their internal abilities and encourage them to become an integral part of the process, not a mere tool. This causes a reinstating of self pride and confidence among followers and it earns leaders willing obedience of people who realize the integrity of the leader in creating a just, legitimate and encouraging environment where they see themselves as valued members and in turn lend their unconditional support to the joint cause under the leadership (Messick, 2005, 81)Arguably, there are no definite copybook rules to construct a leader. The difficulties, complexities, and challenges associated with a situation give impetus to leadership qualities in otherwise ordinary people who believe in themselves that they are capable of rising up to the difficulties as well as helping others out of it. Therefore although it might be difficult to ‘teach’ a person quality of good leader, yet one can expect to inculcate leadership qualities by observing styles and principles of successful leaders. It is said that a leader is a dealer in hope. Leadership is then about inspiration, motivation, encouragement and direction that pulls people to accomplishments that they would not had managed if left alone. However, effective leadership is a very challenging domain as it requires some impeccable personal and organizational traits that can be developed and realized through considerable experience, knowledge and self- discipline.  Quite often the leadership is situational and the leader is required to act purely through intuition and circumstantial requirements. However there are certain essential skills and characteristics that are rather mandatory for effective leadership are1 Trustworthiness: Trustworthiness is about integrity in action. Effective leadership is about achieving coordination in words and actions and following the age old principles of truth, honesty and personal integrity.2. Fairness: Leaders can’t afford to be biased or prejudiced or it would jeopardize the confidence of the followers in their secular character.3. Communication and listening skill. Leadership requires excellent communication and listening skill through which the leaders can articulate their views unambiguously and also hear the views of others to give them sense of participation and involvement.4. Initiative: Leadership is about taking initiative and orienting other people towards it. Taking initiative pulls the organization rapidly ahead.5. Good judgment: Leaders must have the ability t o process all information in the backdrop of their knowledge to make correct decisions6. Motivational capacity: Leadership is ineffective if it cant motivate people to the dream and vision of the leader. It is the most desirous quality of a leader and one that is hallmark of leadership.Motivation has a large role to play in developing leadership. According to Isaac, Pitt and Zerbe (2001) individuals aspiring for leadership are greatly assisted a motivational model, called as expectancy theory, that suggests that self interest prompts individuals to charter a course where they tend to maximize the chances of success and growth. Thus self interest acts as a motivation that spurs people to take upon leadership roles and aspire to meet needs of followers along with requirements of the organization (ibid). Also, when leaders meet with followers, it generally results in entire work atmosphere getting highly motivated and people are spirited with aspiration to transcend their present roles and step in the role of leaders (ibid).Leadership is influenced by both extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. In the former, motivational behavior is seen as product of external rewards and remunerations while the latter treat motivational behavior as result of internal drives such as enjoyment of work and inner sense of competence (Isaac, Pitt and Zerbe). In either case, individuals are motivated to assume leadership to maximize their self-interest.Leadership: Personal AttributesA good leader should be honest, loyal and committed to the goals of the organization he intends to lead. A good leader should not have a desire for wrongful gains or hidden agendas. This is why perhaps people emphasize on transparency in all dealings of any organization. Some leaders have a self plan and pursue them rather than acting in the interests of the organization. Committed to the cause of the organization or group and being live to the sacrifices and pains of your colleagues is a basic qu ality of a good leader. National leaders and particularly the freedom fighters of several nations had steadfast qualities and determination in them, which helped them carry on and ultimately succeed. A good leader is perhaps a good follower.There is never a stage in which one can have mastered everything and this applies even to leadership. Each day brings learning and experience of various types. A good leader is one who applies these learning and experience by identifying the most appropriate situation of their application.   perhaps the rights and wrongs of your own acts too. . A leader is accountable for his actions and should voluntarily open up to any questions or suspicions in his dealings. Similarly a good leader should also emphasize such qualities among his followers and make them accountable too. Simplicity is a mark of identity for any leader and projecting himself as a role model. A leader’s thoughts, actions and words should be a reflection of him, inspiring a ll who follow. A leader indeed should have uncommon qualities to successfully lead his organization.ConclusionLeadership is a quality that comes through effective utilization of experience, education, self-evaluation eagerness to learn and grow. None of these qualities require a transcendental genius or divine abilities to master. They are human attributes that are present among every one of us and given time, training and motivation to master them. The truth about leadership is that any person who has wholly ingrained the necessary leadership qualities as an integral part of their character would appear as one who is born with them.referenceCollins DB, 2001, ‘Organizational Performance: The Future Focus of Leadership Development Programs’, Journal of Leadership Studies. Volume: 7. Issue: 4.Day DV and Halpin SM, 2004, Leader Development for Transforming Organizations: Growing Leaders for Tomorrow,   (edit) David V. Day, Stanley M. Halpin, Stephen J. Zaccaro, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,   Mahwah, NJ.Rosenbach WE and Taylor RL, 1998, Contemporary Issues in Leadership, (edit) William E. Rosenbach, Robert L. Taylor, Westview Press,Boulder, CO.Brown DJ, Lord, RG,   2004, Leadership Processes and Follower Self-Identity,   Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, NJChampy J, Nohria N, 1999, The Arc of Ambition: Defining the Leadership Journey, Perseus Books (Current Publisher: Perseus PublishingCambridge, MA.Rosenbach WE and Taylor RL, 1998, Contemporary Issues in Leadership, (edit) William E. Rosenbach, Robert L. Taylor, Westview Press,Boulder, CO.

Facts and Characteristics of the Caspian Tiger

Facts and Characteristics of the Caspian Tiger One of three subspecies of Eurasian tiger to go extinct within the last century, the other two are the Bali Tiger and the Javan Tiger, the Caspian Tiger once roamed huge swaths of territory in central Asia, including Iran, Turkey, the Caucasus, and the -stan territories bordering Russia (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, etc.). An especially robust member of the Panthera tigris family, the largest males approached 500 pounds, the Caspian Tiger was hunted mercilessly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, especially by the Russian government, which put a bounty on this beast in a heavy-handed effort to reclaim farmlands bordering the Caspian Sea. Why Did the Caspian Tiger Go Extinct? There are a few reasons, besides relentless hunting, why the Caspian Tiger went extinct. First, human civilization encroached mercilessly on the Caspian Tigers habitat, converting its lands into cotton fields and even looping roads and highways through it fragile habitat. Second, the Caspian Tiger succumbed to the gradual extinction of its favorite prey, wild pigs, which were also hunted by humans, as well as falling prey to various diseases and perishing in floods and forest fires (which grew more frequent with changes in the environment). And third, the Caspian Tiger was already pretty much on the brink, restricted to such a small range of territory, in such dwindling numbers, that virtually any change would have tipped it inexorably toward extinction. One of the odd things about the extinction of the Caspian Tiger is that it happened literally while the world was watching: various individuals were hunted died and were documented by naturalists, by the news media, and by the hunters themselves, in the course of the early 20th century. The list makes for depressing reading: Mosul, in what is now the country of Iraq, in 1887; the Caucasus Mountains, in the south of Russia, in 1922; Irans Golestan Province in 1953 (after which, too late, Iran made hunting the Caspian Tiger illegal); Turkmenistan, a Soviet republic, in 1954; and a small town in Turkey as late as 1970 (although this last sighting is poorly documented). Confirmed Sightings Although its widely considered to be an extinct species, there have been numerous, unconfirmed sightings of the Caspian Tiger over the past few decades. More encouragingly, genetic analysis has shown that the Caspian Tiger may have diverged from a population of (still extant) Siberian Tigers as recently as 100 years ago and that these two tiger subspecies may even have been one and the same animal. If this turns out to be the case, it may be possible to resurrect the Caspian Tiger by as simple an expedient as re-introducing the Siberian Tiger to its once-native lands of central Asia, a project that has been announced (but not yet fully implemented) by Russia and Iran, and which falls under the general category of de-extinction.

Sense vs. Sensibility

Sense vs. Sensibility Sense vs. Sensibility Sense vs. Sensibility By Maeve Maddox A reader asks about the words in a Jane Austen title: You may already have discussed sense and sensibility, but if not, could you program an entry. I am not sure if Jane Austens word meant something particular to that time. Is there a distinction to meanings between/among sensibility, sensitivity and sensitiveness, and add in sense too? Sense has twenty-nine numbered definitions in the OED, several of them with subsections. Sensibility has seven numbered definitions, four of them with subsections. I shall confine the remarks in this post chiefly to the words as Austen used them in the title of her 1811 novel. The word sense occurs dozens of times in the novel, with various connotations, including these: sense of honor sense of merit in one’s right senses sense enough to call for help As used in Austen’s title, sense refers to what modern speakers still mean by â€Å"common sense†: â€Å"combined tact and readiness in dealing with the everyday affairs of life; general wisdom.† The novel focuses on the love life of two sisters, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood. Elinor represents the Sense of the title. Even when her heart is breaking, she maintains a polite faà §ade of courtesy and tact, reasoning that what can’t be helped is not to be agonized over. Marianne represents the Sensibility of the title, what modern speakers might call sensitivity, or even hypersensitivity. When Marianne suffers emotional anguish, everyone knows about it. Austen sets up the differences between the sisters in her description of the way they deal with the death of their father. Elinor feels the same grief as her mother and sister, but, unlike them, she is able to govern her feelings and attend to practical matters. Marianne and their mother, on the other hand, wallow helplessly in their sorrow and refuse to be comforted: Mariannes abilities were, in many respects, quite equal to Elinors. She was†¦clever; but eager in everything: her sorrows, her joys, could have no moderation. She was generous, amiable, interesting: she was everything but prudent. The resemblance between her and her mother was strikingly great. Elinor saw, with concern, the excess of her sister’s sensibility; but by Mrs. Dashwood it was valued and cherished. They [Marianne and her mother] encouraged each other now in the violence of their affliction. The agony of grief which overpowered them at first, was voluntarily renewed, was sought for, was created again and again. They gave themselves up wholly to their sorrow, seeking increase of wretchedness in every reflection that could afford it, and resolved against ever admitting consolation in future. Sensibility in the sense of the quality of being easily and strongly affected by emotional influences was still a fairly new usage in Austen’s day, giving the title a certain up-to-date catchiness. The plural, sensibilities, is current in modern usage to mean â€Å"feelings as to what is appropriate or decent†: The treatment of low, disgusting, unpleasant, though not necessarily evil, subjects should always be subject to the dictates of good taste and a regard for the sensibilities of the audience.- The Hays Motion Picture Production Code, 1930. And while the boundaries have clearly been pushed way back, movies continue to emerge which challenge our notions of what is acceptable, depicting acts of sex and violence in increasingly graphic style and often offending the sensibilities of the prudish and conservative.- Recent blog post about 21st century films. Related post: Sense and Nonsense Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of HumorBetween vs. In BetweenPresent Participle as Adjective

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES FACING THE HINDUISM RELIGIOUS TRADITION Essay

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES FACING THE HINDUISM RELIGIOUS TRADITION - Essay Example It consists of traditions that have been passed down the Vedic age, adjusted by people to make things simpler. The so called flexibility of the religion is so possible because methodology of practicing has not been put down anywhere. The religion is simply dealt with philosophy and has been an answer to man’s transcendence questions of life existence. However, a single definition of this religion and its countless traditions is not humanly possible. Lord Krishna (a Hindu avatar of God) says: â€Å"Karmanyeva Adhikaraste Ma Phaleshu Kadachana† which is a very important line taken from the sacred Bhagvad Gita and sums up the Hindu traditions. It simply means that work alone and nothing else should be aim of life. Thus, Hinduism with vast range of beliefs and traditions aims towards â€Å"Karma† alone, even after being twisted and adjusted to synchronize with present lifestyle which is one of the key reasons for its strong existence even

Briefing a Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Briefing a Case - Essay Example was an appeal against the decision of Erie County Court of Common Pleas. The lower court had denied the claimant negligence claims by from Pfeil Funeral Homes for the injury she sustained within the latter’s premises. The primary issues set for determination by the court of appeal were whether: a) the escort of the claimant by an agent of the defendant and his failure to warn her over the sharp drop on the public sidewalk was a matter of fact or law, and b) the junior court overlooked the facts about the case regarding the failure of the defendant to put a notice warning the guests of the risks of the eight-inch step down in the sidewalk. The Appellate court held that the issues of case were merely factual and not legal. As such the court affirmed the earlier ruling of the trial court, saying the claimant was not entitled to any negligence claims from the defendant. The court began by legitimizing the summary judgment of the lower court which it said was valid because: a) the issues in question did not meet the thresholds of material fact; b) the issues in question lacked the required basis in law to facilitate a fair, legal and reasonable verdict of the court and c) it would be unreasonable to impose any claims upon the defendant for the injury sustained at their premises because by doing so, the claimant would have gained more than she deserved while the defendant would have been unfairly disadvantaged by such a ruling. In addition, the court said the claimant would have been entitled to negligence claims if the statement of facts were supported by law. The court cited the precedent set in the case of Mussivand v. David (1989), 45 Ohio St.3d 314, 318, 544 N.E.2d 265, in which grounds for the awarding negligence claims arose. In the Musivand case, the court said that any negligence claims must meet three conditions: a) the duty of care owed to the claimant; b) a violation of the term, and c); the violation of the term being the proximate cause of the